Short summary: rise of Islam from Prophet to fall of Bagdad (571-1258)
Short summary: rise of Islam from Prophet to fall of Bagdad (571-1258)
Lewis, The Middle-East
Muhamad born around 571 CE
Tribe of Quraysh, town of Mecca, region of Hijaz
Call of god around 609 CE
Accepts to move to Yathrib in 622 CE
to become arbiter in conflicts and for protection
This migration is called the Hijra
Migration was set as year starting arabic calender
City of Yarthrib became known simply as Al-Madina (The City)
Community of Al-Madina was called the Umma
Will conquer Mecca
Muhammad did, in his lifetime achieved power , exercised political and prophetic authority (unlike Moses, Jesus)
As apostole of God, bring and teach revelations
As head of Umma: promulgated laws, dispensed justice, conduct diplomacy makes war
Umma, the community, becomes a State
Death of Mohammed: 8 june 632
Restore true monotheism
last of the prophets
second leader of the Umma chosen amongst close circle followers of Muhammad: Abu Bakr, title of Khalif "successor"
Institution of the Caliphate, supreme sovereign office of the islamic world
632 to 656: the 4 "rightly guided caliphs"
656 to 661: Ali, prophet's cousin, married to daughter of Prophet Fatima
661, beginning of Umayyad dynasty
up to 750
747 beginning of a revolt in Persia
750, Abbassid caliphate (kinsmen of prophet, descendants of prophet's uncle Al-Abbas
transfer capital from syria (umayyad stronghouse) to Bagdad.
House of Abbas will reign for 5 centuries
in 908, firts "fatimid" caliph, of shi'a faith, challenging Abbassid dynasty, established in north-africa (it does not recognizes the abbassid sunni caliph any political or religious authority over Islam and Muslims)
peaks around 1050, brief capture of bagdad
caliph is Imam, absolute monarch who was infaillible, hereditary right of divinely ordained family
3 branches of gov: religious, civilian and bureaucratic
civil and bureaucracy took in charge by a wazir
religious realm not unlike a party and propaganda organization
11th century: coming of the mongols
february 1258: Bagdad falls to mongols. Abbassid caliph and family put to death. ends of caliphate institute.
Lewis, The Middle-East
Muhamad born around 571 CE
Tribe of Quraysh, town of Mecca, region of Hijaz
Call of god around 609 CE
Accepts to move to Yathrib in 622 CE
to become arbiter in conflicts and for protection
This migration is called the Hijra
Migration was set as year starting arabic calender
City of Yarthrib became known simply as Al-Madina (The City)
Community of Al-Madina was called the Umma
Will conquer Mecca
Muhammad did, in his lifetime achieved power , exercised political and prophetic authority (unlike Moses, Jesus)
As apostole of God, bring and teach revelations
As head of Umma: promulgated laws, dispensed justice, conduct diplomacy makes war
Umma, the community, becomes a State
Death of Mohammed: 8 june 632
Restore true monotheism
last of the prophets
second leader of the Umma chosen amongst close circle followers of Muhammad: Abu Bakr, title of Khalif "successor"
Institution of the Caliphate, supreme sovereign office of the islamic world
632 to 656: the 4 "rightly guided caliphs"
656 to 661: Ali, prophet's cousin, married to daughter of Prophet Fatima
661, beginning of Umayyad dynasty
up to 750
747 beginning of a revolt in Persia
750, Abbassid caliphate (kinsmen of prophet, descendants of prophet's uncle Al-Abbas
transfer capital from syria (umayyad stronghouse) to Bagdad.
House of Abbas will reign for 5 centuries
in 908, firts "fatimid" caliph, of shi'a faith, challenging Abbassid dynasty, established in north-africa (it does not recognizes the abbassid sunni caliph any political or religious authority over Islam and Muslims)
peaks around 1050, brief capture of bagdad
caliph is Imam, absolute monarch who was infaillible, hereditary right of divinely ordained family
3 branches of gov: religious, civilian and bureaucratic
civil and bureaucracy took in charge by a wazir
religious realm not unlike a party and propaganda organization
11th century: coming of the mongols
february 1258: Bagdad falls to mongols. Abbassid caliph and family put to death. ends of caliphate institute.
posted by Jean-Sébastien Lévesque at 8:35 PM
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